New Zealand Context - Appendices
Appendix 1
Labour market statistics
The New Zealand Standard Occupational Classification (1999) classifies support workers (residential and home-based) and cleaners as part of the Service and Sales Workers occupation. Statistics New Zealand’s Household Labour Force Survey (2004) shows:
| Male | Female | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 8% | 20% | 13.2% |
| 2004 | 9.8% | 23.6% | 16.1% |
The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification classifies support workers and cleaners as part of the Health and Community Services industry group. Statistics New Zealand’s Household Labour Force Survey (2004) shows:
| Male | Female | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 2.2% | 13% | 7% |
| 2004 | 2.8% | 16.4% | 9% |
Further analysis could be undertaken by requesting tables from Statistics New Zealand at a lower digit level e.g. Groups 512, 51212 and 51316 of the occupation classification.
Relevant information from research commissioned by the Ministry of Health undertaken by Auckland University in 2004 – support workers in the disability sector.
| Residential | Home-based | Mixed | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permanent employment, no guarantee of hours | 231 (49.5%) | 329 (24.9%) | 56 (40.0%) | 616 (32.0%) |
| Permanent employment with fixed hours | 51 (10.9%) | 460 (34.9%) | 33 (23.6%) | 544 (28.2%) |
| Fixed term with fixed hours | 11 (2.4%) | 43 (3.3%) | 4 (2.9%) | 58 (3.0%) |
| Fixed term with varying hours | 11 (2.4%) | 109 (8.3%) | 4 (2.9%) | 124 (6.4%) |
| Verbal agreement | 6 (1.3%) | 15 (1.1%) | 3 (2.1%) | 24 (1.2%) |
| Casual agreement | 35 (7.5%) | 143 (10.8%) | 13 (9.3%) | 191 (9.9%) |
| Collective agreement | 101 (21.6%) | 112 (8.5%) | 22 (15.7%) | 235 (12.2%) |
| No agreement | 5 (1.1%) | 13 (1.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 19 (1.0%) |
| Other sort of agreement | 7 (1.5%) | 18 (1.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 26 (1.3%) |
| Don't know sort of agreement | 9 (1.9%) | 77 (5.8%) | 3 (2.1%) | 89 (4.6%) |
| Total | 467 (100.0%) | 1,319 (100%) | 140 (100%) | 1,926 (100%) |
| Residential | Home-based | Mixed | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Always | 12 (16.4%) | 48 (6.2%) | 4 (4.6%) | 64 (6.8%) |
| Sometimes | 5 (6.8%) | 70 (9.0%) | 10 (11.5%) | 85 (9.1%) |
| Never | 56 (76.7%) | 657 (84.8%) | 73 (83.9%) | 786 (84.1%) |
| Total | 73 (100.0%) | 775 (100.0%) | 87 (100.0%) | 935 (100.0%) |
| Residential | Home-based | Mixed | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Better pay | 29 (29.6%) | 119 (35.5%) | 16 (55.2%) | 164 (35.5%) |
| Want a change | 12 (12.2%) | 46 (13.7%) | 3 (10.3%) | 61 (13.2%) |
| Worker getting older | 8 (8.2%) | 35 (10.5%) | 1 (3.5%) | 44 (9.5%) |
| Change in situation/ family | 7 (7.1%) | 25 (7.5%) | 2 (6.9%) | 34 (7.4%) |
| Change in situation/ client | 6 (6.1%) | 22 (6.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 28 (6%) |
| Own health reasons | 9 (9.2%) | 25 (7.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 34 (7.4%) |
| Job stress | 15 (15.3%) | 24 (7.2%) | 4 (13.8%) | 43 (9.3%) |
| Study | 3 (3%) | 15 (4.5%) | 3 (10.3%) | 21 (4.6%) |
| Leaving area | 5 (5.1%) | 9 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (3%) |
| Don't know | 4 (4%) | 15 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (4.1%) |
| Total | 98 (100.0%) | 335 (100.0%) | 29 (100.0%) | 462 (100.0%) |
* Eight individuals chose not to provide a reason for why they may leave their current support work
| Number of Responses | from mean $ per hour |
to mean $ per hour |
Median salary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home-based support service support workers | ||||
| • home help/household management | 112 | $9.96 | $11.17 | $10.00 |
| • personal care | 114 | $10.31 | $11.84 | $10.82 |
| • care for client with high needs | 87 | $11.03 | $12.64 | $11.00 |
| Residential service support workers | 325 | $10.35 | $12.56 | $11.00 |
| Coordinator standard day rate | 308 | $16.49 | $18.92 | $18.00 |
| Coordinator standard night rate | 95 | $15.96 | $18.35 | $18.00 |
| Coordinator on call night rate | 69 | $14.86 | $21.23 | $16.00 |
Appendix 2
The Procurement Process
Source: Procurement. A statement of Good Practice, Office of Controller and Auditor General, June 2001
Appendix 3
New Zealand Cleaning Contractors Multi-Employer Collective Employment Agreement (2004-2005)
Brief summary:
Commercial and School Cleaners
Note: minimum annual wage is $9.50
First 2 months of employment $10.43 an hour
After 2 months of employment $10.60 an hour
There are also additional payments for ITO qualifications (this is beyond legal requirements):
Stage 1 – 15 cents an hour
Stage 2 – 25 cents an hour
There are also additional payments – operating high pressure water or steam devices, operating boilers, maintaining the chlorination of school swimming pools – generally male jobs!
Overtime 1.25 (again above legal requirements)
Covered by Holiday Act
Where a worker is directed in writing to use his/her car and if the worker is willing, they will be paid 57 cents per kilometre and shall be responsible for paying appropriate insurance.
Long service leave
“All electrical polishing and scrubbing machines and vacuum cleaners with their leads shall be checked at intervals not exceeding six months by a registered electrician.”
“The employers will ensure that all employees are provided with adequate training in the safe use and handling of cleaning materials and equipment prior to any such employee being required to use cleaning materials and equipment.”
School Caretakers and Cleaners – Collective Agreement 2004-2005
Cleaners – Current hourly rate $ 11.11
Includes: Allowances for – unusually dirty work; broken shift allowance of $3.71 a day; and holding ITO qualifications.
Bibliography
Disability Support Service in New Zealand: Service provider, Workforce and Service User Surveys, Auckland University for Ministry of Health and Accident Compensation Commission, 2004.
Precarious Jobs and Social Exclusion: Key Issues and New Policy Directions by Andrew Jackson, Canadian Labour Congress. Policy Research Initiative. December 2004, Vol.7 no.2
‘Precarious’ Non-Standard Employment – A Review of the Literature, Deborah Tucker, Labour Market Policy Group, Department of Labour, Wellington, New Zealand, December 2002
Report for Central Region DHBS: Home Support Purchase and Contracting Models, February 2005, prepared by Shereen Moloney, Project Manager, Aged Care & Disability, Planning & Funding Directorate, Capital &Coast District Health Board
Report of Exploratory Case Study Research into Precarious Employment, WEB Research in association with Labour Market Policy Group, Department of Labour, March 2004
The Changing Nature of Home Care and its impact on Women’s Vulnerability to Poverty. Morris, M. Robinson, J. Simpson, J. Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women. 1999
The Responsibility for Child and Aged Care: Shaping Policies for the Future. Michael Fine, SPRC Discussion Paper No.105. 1999 Australia
