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National Advisory Council on the Employment of Women - Mana Wahine, Mana Mahi

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New Zealand women's employment outcomes: the relationship between working shorter hours and low paid, female-dominated occupations

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Appendix: Data Tables (HLFS and SoWL, March 2008)

Table A1: Numbers of prime-aged employees by gender and ethnicity, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn < $15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
European only 417.2 31.0 42.3 9.2 410.2 192.3 102.0 70.4 827.3
Maori only 31.9 3.0 7.7 1.5 30.7 10.4 12.6 6.4 62.6
European/ Maori 26.6 2.5 5.2 1.9 29.2 11.6 9.1 4.8 55.8
Pacific only 26.6 1.6 7.9 S 21.6 6.3 9.3 3.4 48.2
Other ethnic groups and combinations 77.1 8.2 17.0 5.0 67.9 23.0 21.0 9.4 145.0

Table A2: Numbers of prime-aged employees by size of establishment, gender, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
Not specified 51.5 6.6 9.7 3.5 44.0 22.2 14.9 10.4 95.5
0-19 employees 264.2 22.2 37.2 8.7 244.2 119.1 69.9 44.1 508.4
20-49 employees 89.1 4.9 14.2 2.1 81.1 37.2 23.2 14.3 170.2
50+ employees 174.6 12.6 19.0 4.2 190.3 65.1 46.0 25.6 364.9

Table A3: Numbers of prime-aged employees by sector, gender, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
Private 414.3 28.8 62.9 12.3 320.8 137.8 105.5 59.0 735.1
Public 87.6 8.7 4.6 1.6 141.6 54.5 18.3 13.8 229.2
Not-for-profit 27.4 2.9 4.0 1.8 53.8 30.2 16.3 11.7 81.2
Other, not specified 50.1 5.8 8.7 2.8 43.4 21.2 13.9 9.9 93.5

Table A4: Number of prime-aged employees by tenure, gender, less than full-time and low pay
Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
Less than 1 year 108.2 11.7 24.9 6.2 123.3 59.4 49.6 33.6 231.5
1 to less than 3 years 128.6 14.0 21.5 4.7 141.7 67.3 43.4 27.7 270.3
3 to less than 5 years 94.9 6.6 14.6 4.3 93.6 38.0 24.2 14.5 188.5
5 years or more 247.1 14.0 19.1 3.3 200.2 78.8 36.6 18.5 447.3

Table A5: Number of prime-aged employees by usual hours worked in main job, gender, less than full-time and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
1-<20 11.4 11.4 6.6 6.6 83.4 83.4 40.0 40.0 94.8
20-<30 12.7 12.7 4.5 4.5 89.8 89.8 31.9 31.9 102.5
30-<37 22.2 22.2 7.4 7.4 70.4 70.4 22.4 22.4 92.6
37-<40 23.0 na 1.5 na 36.5 na 7.1 na 59.5
40+ 504.7 na 59.2 na 272.6 na 50.7 na 777.4

Table A6: Number of prime-aged employees by occupation, gender, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn < $15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
Legislators, Administrators & Managers 102.1 3.4 4.9 1.8 63.9 15.4 7.9 3.6 166.0
Professionals 98.0 9.5 1.1 S 132.4 50.8 7.7 5.1 230.5
Technicians & Associated Professionals 69.9 7.0 5.1 1.9 84.9 36.3 16.8 12.4 154.8
Clerks 32.4 3.3 5.1 S 121.4 58.6 27.6 16.2 153.8
Service & Sales Workers 50.3 7.4 16.5 5.8 92.8 55.7 56.0 38.1 143.1
Agriculture & Fishery Workers 28.8 2.7 9.3 1.7 13.1 7.0 7.4 4.0 41.9
Trades Workers 88.1 3.2 11.5 S 4.5 1.1 2.4 S 92.6
Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers 81.3 5.0 15.3 2.2 18.3 3.6 9.3 2.0 99.6
Elementary Occupations 28.0 4.8 11.3 3.3 27.4 15.0 18.8 12.3 55.4
Table A7: Number and percentages of prime-aged females who are employed , unemployed and in the labour force
  Employed Unemployed Labour force Working age population

Employment

rate

Unemployment

rate

 Labour force participation
All prime-aged women 653.6 24.2 677.8 890.7 73.4 3.6 76.1
European only 481.0 12.1 493.2 619.8 77.6 2.5 79.6
Maori only 34.5 3.1 37.5 55.9 61.6 8.2 67.1
European/Maori 30.2 1.4 31.5 40.7 74.1 4.3 77.4
Pacific only 25.2 1.7 26.9 43.2 58.3 6.4 62.3
Other ethnic groups and combinations 82.8 5.9 88.7 131.0 63.2 6.6 67.7

Table A8: Numbers of prime-aged employees wanting more hours of work by gender, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn < $15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
yes 44.3 14.2 13.9 7.3 47.1 37.7 26.6 21.6 91.4
no 531.7 31.3 65.5 10.7 507.9 203.9 125.9 71.6 1039.6
Do not know 3.5 S S S 4.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 7.9

Table A9: Hourly pay rates of prime-aged employees by gender, less than full-time hours and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn < $15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Not specified 49.8 4.9 na na 46.3 20.5 na na 96.1
up to $12.50 23.3 8.3 23.3 8.3 48.9 34.0 48.9 34.0 72.2
$12.50-<$15 44.3 7.9 44.3 7.9 83.8 48.6 83.8 48.6 128.1
$15-<$20 125.1 8.8 12.5 2.3 137.2 60.3 21.3 11.7 262.3
$20-<$30 189.0 7.9 na na 164.4 51.7 na na 353.4
$30-<50 103.4 5.0 na na 61.7 21.6 na na 165.1
$50 or more 44.5 3.4 na na 17.3 6.8 na na 61.8

Table A10: Numbers of prime-aged employees by highest qualification, gender, less than full-time and low pay
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
No qualification 92.6 9.7 27.1 5.1 87.6 41.9 44.6 26.4 180.2
School C/NCEA level 1 28.5 1.9 4.5 S 41.3 18.4 13.4 8.6 69.8
Higher school qualification 56.8 4.6 7.8 2.5 61.1 27.9 15.8 10.1 117.9
Other school qualification (level NS) 12.1 1.2 2.6 S 15.8 6.7 7.8 3.5 27.9
Vocational/trade qualification 212.8 13.3 22.6 4.7 184.7 89.6 51.6 33.0 397.5
Bachelor's degree/post-grad qualification 147.8 14.1 11.8 4.6 143.9 48.1 13.3 7.7 291.7
Other post-school qualification or qualification NS 25.7 1.1 3.2 S 23.1 10.3 6.8 4.8 48.8

Table A11: Numbers receiving any employer-funded study or training in the last 12 months
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn <$15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
Some training 206.6 14.8 15.8 3.3 185.8 65.2 28.7 16.5 392.4
No training 371.1 31.2 64.2 15.1 372.4 178.1 125.2 77.8 743.5

Table A12: Time spent training
  Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn < $15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn <$15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 1139.0
1 day or less 41.6 4.0 4.7 1.4 37.0 16.2 7.8 4.8 78.7
2-5 days 94.3 6.7 6.6 1.5 89.8 32.9 12.4 6.8 184.1
6-10 days 34.5 2.8 1.3 S 24.1 6.5 2.3 1.2 58.6
11 days or more 35.2 1.2 3.0 0.0 31.6 9.0 5.7 3.2 66.8
NS/didn't participate 373.7 31.5 64.5 15.1 377.0 179.1 125.7 78.3 750.8

Table A13: Prime-aged employees' parental status, partner status and whether partner is employed (column percentages)
  Male Male <37 hrs Male low paid Male >37 hrs low paid Female Female <37 hrs Female low paid Female <37 hrs low paid Personal care Personal care low paid Sales Sales low paid Cleaner Cleaner low paid All employees
Not parent/caregiver of child under 14 58.6 66.5 66.3 78.1 60.2 45.3 55.7 47.7 63.1 59.7 56.9 59.7 54.7 51.4 59.4
Sole parent/caregiver of child under 14 1.2 2.8 3.0 S 7.8 10.5 11.7 13.2 11.0 11.6 11.9 10.0 17.7 19.3 4.4
Partnered parent of child under 14, spouse employed 25.2 20.0 16.4 6.1 28.5 40.2 28.4 34.0 20.3 23.4 27.3 25.8 22.7 22.8 26.8
Partnered parent, child under 14, spouse not employed 15.1 10.7 14.3 11.2 3.5 4.1 4.1 5.1 5.5 S 3.8 S S S 9.4

Table A14: Government Income Transfers received by prime-aged employees
% Total prime-aged males Males employed <37 hours a week Low-paid males (earn < $15.30) Males employed <37 hrs, low paid Total prime-aged females Females employed <37 hours a week Low-paid females (earn < $15.30) Females employed <37 hrs, low paid
Received income from a main benefit recorded in IS 1.0 4.9 4.1 12.2 4.7 9.1 10.1 15.2
Received WNZ income, including Accommodation Supp, & family support paid by WINZ 3.8 9.1 8.4 16.3 10.1 16.3 18.7 23.9
Received government transfer income - all types including student allowances and tax credits but excluding ACC 8.0 15.6 13.7 25.1 20.8 29.5 32.8 40.2

Table A15: Prime-aged employees parental status, partner status and whether partner is employed
  Male Male <37 hrs Male low paid Male <37 hrs low paid Female Female <37 hrs Female low paid Female <37 hrs low paid Personal care Sales Cleaner All employees
Total 579.4 46.3 80.1 18.5 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 24.1 31.4 15.1 1,139.0
Not parent/caregiver of child under 14 339.3 30.8 53.1 14.4 337.0 110.3 85.8 45.0 15.2 17.9 8.3 676.2
Sole parent/ caregiver of child under 14 6.9 1.3 2.4 S 43.5 25.5 18.1 12.5 2.7 3.7 2.7 50.4
Partnered parent of child under 14, spouse employed 145.8 9.2 13.1 1.1 159.6 97.8 43.8 32.1 4.9 8.6 3.4 305.4
Partnered parent, child under 14, spouse not employed 87.4 4.9 11.4 2.1 19.5 10.0 6.3 4.8 1.3 1.2 S 106.9

Table A16: Usual hours of work of prime-aged female employee in the three occupations
  Personal care workers Personal care workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Sales workers Sales workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Cleaners and caretakers Cleaners and caretakers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Total prime-aged female employees
Total 24.1 15.4 31.4 20.4 15.1 11.3 559.5
1-<20 4.9 3.7 7.8 6.2 7.7 6.3 83.4
20-<30 6.0 4.6 5.6 3.4 2.1 1.7 89.8
30-<37 3.8 2.6 5.2 3.2 1.6 1.5 70.4
37-<40 S S 1.9 S S S 36.5
40+ 8.0 3.4 10.4 6.2 3.3 1.6 272.6

Table A17: Highest qualifications of prime-aged female employees in the three occupations (Figure 17)
  Personal care workers Personal care workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Sales workers Sales workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Cleaners and caretakers Cleaners and caretakers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Total prime-aged female employees
Total 24.1 15.4 31.4 20.4 15.1 11.3 559.5
No qualification 6.5 4.0 7.9 5.9 7.4 5.4 87.6
School qualification 2.7 2.2 10.1 6.5 3.3 2.6 118.2
Post-school qualification 14.8 9.1 13.1 7.8 4.3 3.1 351.8

Table A18: Hourly earnings of prime-aged female employees in the three occupations
  Personal care workers Personal care workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Sales workers Sales workers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Cleaners and caretakers Cleaners and caretakers, low paid (earn <$15.30) Total prime-aged female employees
Total 24.1 15.4 31.4 20.4 15.1 11.3 559.5
Not specified 1.3 na 1.7 na 1.4 na 46.3
up to $12.50 3.2 3.2 7.7 7.7 5.3 5.3 48.9
$12.50-<$15 11.3 11.3 11.0 11.0 5.3 5.3 83.8
$15-<$20 6.2 1.0 8.6 1.7 1.8 S 137.2
$20-<$30 1.7 na 2.2 na 1.0 na 164.4
$30-<50 S na S na S na 61.7
$50 or more S na S na S na 17.3

Table A19: Mean earnings of target occupational groups by tenure and educational level - prime-aged women in the three occupations
  Personal care workers Personal care workers, <37 hours Sales workers Sales workers <37 hours Cleaners and caretakers Cleaners and caretakers <37 hours Total prime-aged female employees
Tenure              
Less than 1 year 14.20 14.30 13.30 13.30 13.70 13.80 19.70
1 to less than 3 years 13.80 12.90 15.20 14.70 14.10 14.20 21.10
3 to less than 5 years 15.60 15.10 15.10 14.20 12.70 12.40 22.40
5 years or more 16.60 16.40 15.70 15.90 15.30 13.80 25.00
               
Highest qualification              
No qualification 14.60 13.70 13.70 13.30 13.90 13.70 16.30
School qualification 14.60 15.30 15.40 15.60 14.00 13.50 20.00
Post-school qualification 15.50 14.70 14.90 14.10 14.60 13.70 24.70

Table A20: Partnership status and partners' employment status for prime-aged employees
  Males Female

Female

<37 hrs

 Female low paid Female <37 hrs low paid Personal care Personal care low paid Sales Sales low paid Cleaner Cleaner low paid
Total 579.4 559.5 243.6 154.0 94.4 24.1 15.4 31.4 20.4 15.1 11.3
No spouse/partner 146.3 165.3 58.6 49.5 29.5 8.1 5.1 9.9 6.3 6.4 4.8
Employed spouse/partner 310.8 353.1 167.2 91.2 56.2 13.1 8.6 18.9 12.2 7.0 5.3
Spouse/partner not employed 122.4 41.0 17.8 13.2 8.6 2.8 1.7 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.1

 

 

 

 

 

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